Chapter 1 - Preface
This Guía de referencia Debian is intended to provide a broad overview of the Debian system as a guide post-installation user. The reader who is addressed is anyone willing to read shell scripts. I guess I have gained basic skills in Unix-like systems.
I have decided not to explain everything in detail if it were a manual page, an info page or in a HOWTO document. Instead of explanations, I attempt the practical information by providing exact command sequences in the main text or in the example scripts in examples/ Must understand the content of examples before issuing commands. Your system may require a slightly different script.
Much of the information included consists of links to references listed in References, Section 15.1 ..
Initially, this document was a "quick reference" but it grew. However, my guiding principle remains summarize and Simple.
For help with emergency system go directly to Debian survival commands, Section 6.3.
1.1 Official document
The latest official version of this document is in the Debian archives with the package debian-reference-es Also available in http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-reference/
The latest development is in http://qref.sourceforge.net/Debian/ The project is hosted at http://qref.sourceforge.net/ where this document is available for download in plain text, HTML, PDF, SGML, and PostScript.
1.2 Conventions in documents
The "Debian Reference provides information through shell commands bash Here are the conventions used:
# Command in root account $ Command in user account ... description of the action
These examples use PS2 = "". See Bash - GNU standard interactive shell GNU Section 13.2.1 for more information on bash
Reference to:
- a manual page is given in
bash(1) - GNU TEXINFO page shows info libc.
- a book is given in the C Programming Language.
- a URL is given in
http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-reference/ - a system file is given in
/usr/share/doc/Debian/reference/
We used the following abbreviations:
- LDP: Linux Documentation Project
http://www.tldp.org/ - DDP: Debian Documentation Project
http://www.debian.org/doc/
Other abbreviations are defined in the text before being used.
Although only provides the URLs of the LDP documents also are available in packages and installed in /usr/share/doc/HOWTO/ See References, Section 15.1.
1.3 Example scripts
The scripts de ejemplo that accompany this document in the package debian-reference-es available in /usr/share/doc/Debian/reference/examples/ The "." In the filenames of hidden files has been replaced by an underscore "_". Has been added to filenames when several alternatives for a sample subject.
1.4 Basic setup
If the system is installed with the minimum amount of packages and you want to make better use of this guide, you should run the following command to install other packages containing useful documents:
# Aptitude install mc less ssh vim kernel-package \ manpages-dev doc-debian doc-linux-text \ debian-policy developers-reference maint-guide \ apt-howto harden-doc debian-reference \ libpam-doc glibc-doc samba-doc exim4-doc-html
1.5 Basics of the Debian distributions
Debian maintains three different distributions simultaneously. These are:
- stable - Most useful for a server, and it is only updated with security patches. See The stable distribution, Section 2.1.3.
- testing - The preferred distribution for a workstation since it contains the latest versions of desktop programs that have been a bit of testing. See The testing distribution, Section 2.1.4.
- unstable - Cutting edge. The choice of Debian developers See The unstable distribution, Section 2.1.5.
When packages in unstable have no release-critical (RC) released during the first week of testing, they are automatically the test branch.
Debian distributions also have code names as described in codenames of Debian, Section 2.1.7. Before Sarge was released in August 2002, three distributions were, Potato, Woody and Sarge Sid When you leave the stable and unstable distributions will be Etch and Sid will then create a new division that will initially test a copy of stable distribution and given a new name.
Subscribe to the low traffic list debian-devel-announce@lists.debian.org for important announcements about Debian. See The Debian archives, Section 2.1.
If you want to use versions of packages that are more current than those with the distribution you are using, you can either upgrade to a later distribution as described in Upgrading a distribution, Chapter 5, or you can upgrade only selected packages. If the package can not be upgraded easily as described in Port a package to the stable system, Section 6.4.10. |
Stay in the Trial version of Debian has the side effect of delaying the installation of security flaws. Such packages are uploaded to these unstable and migrate to testing only after a delay.
If you mix distributions, eg, testing with stable or unstable with stable, you will eventually pull in core packages such as libc6 from testing or unstable branch no guarantee that these will not contain bugs. You have been warned.
Running the testing or unstable distribution increases the risk of hitting serious bugs. This can be avoided by creating a multi-boot scheme more stable versions of Debian, or using a cool trick with chroot with the most stable version as explained in chroot Section 8.6.35. The latter will enable running different Debian distributions simultaneously on different consoles.
After explaining the fundamentals of the Debian distribution on Debian fundamentals, Chapter 2, given some basic information to help you live happily with the latest software, taking advantage of the distributions of Debian testing and unstable. The impatient should go directly to Debian survival commands, Section 6.3. Happy upgrading!
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