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1 .- Introduction

Lighttpd is a web server for operating systems Unix / Linux and Microsoft Windows. This server also known as Lighty, is an alternative for the Apache Web server pages.

This diseï ¿½ ado to be safe, fast (very fast indeed), compatible with flexible STANDARS while is optimized for environments where speed is critical. Its memory footprint is very pequeï ¿½ a (in comparison to other web servers), a slight load on the CPU speed and its approach makes perfect lighttpd server is heavily loaded.

2 .- Installation on Debian

To install lighttpd, keyboards, as root:

  deathbian: ~ # aptitude install lighttpd 

Note: On Debian Lenny, lighttpd runs with the user www-data, not lighttpd.

3 .- Basic Configuration

The Debian installation provides configuration files and boot Lighty, but if you need some examples

 # Debian lighttpd configuration file
 #

 ############ Options you really have to take care of ####################

 # # Modules to load
 # Mod_access, mod_accesslog and mod_alias are loaded by default
 # All other module should only be loaded if neccesary
 # - Saves some time
 # - Saves memory

 server.modules = (
             "mod_access",
             "mod_alias",
             "mod_accesslog"
             "mod_compress"
             "mod_fastcgi",
 # "Mod_rewrite",
 # "Mod_redirect"
 # "Mod_status",
 # "Mod_evhost"
 # "Mod_usertrack",
 # "Mod_rrdtool"
 # "Mod_webdav"
 # "Mod_expire"
 # "Mod_flv_streaming"
 # "Mod_evasive"
  )

 fastcgi.server = ( ". php" => ((
                     "bin-path" => "/ usr / bin / php-cgi"
                     "socket" => "/ tmp / php.socket"
                  )))
 # # A static document-root, for virtual-hosting take look at the
 # # Server.virtual-* options
 server.document-root = "/ var / www /"

 # # Where to send error-messages to
 server.errorlog = "/ var / log / lighttpd / error.log"

 # # Files to check for if ... / is requested
 index-File.Name = ( "index.php", "index.html"
                                "index.htm", "default.htm"
                                "index.lighttpd.html")

 # # Use the "Content-Type" extended attribute To obtain mime type if possible
 # Mimetype.use-xattr = "enable"

 # # # # Accesslog module
 accesslog.filename = "/ var / log / lighttpd / access.log"
 # # Deny access the file-extensions
 #
 # ~ Is for backupfiles from vi, emacs, joe, ...
 #. Inc is often used for code includes Which should in general not be part
 # Of the document-root
 url.access-deny = ( "~". "inc")

 # #
 # Which extensions should not be handle via static-file transfer
 #
 #. Php,. Pl,. Fcgi are most often handled by mod_fastcgi or mod_cgi
 file.exclude-static-extensions = ( ". php". "pl", ". fcgi")

 ######### Options that are good to be but not to be changed ####### neccesary

 # # Bind to port (default: 80)
 # Server.port = 81

 # # Bind to localhost only (default: all interfaces)
 # # Server.bind = "localhost"

 # # Error-handler for status 404
 # server.error-handler-404 = "/ error-handler.html"
 # server.error-handler-404 = "/ error-handler.php"

 # # To help the rc.scripts
 server.pid-file = "/ var / run / lighttpd.pid"

 # #
 # # Format:  . html
 # # -> ..../status-404.html For 'File not found'
 # server.errorfile-prefix = "/ var / www /"

 # # Virtual directory listings
 dir-listing.encoding = "utf-8"
 server.de-listing = "enable"

 # # Send unhandled HTTP-header headers to error-log
 # debug.dump-unknown-headers = "enable"

 # # # Only root can use these options
 #
 # Chroot () to directory (default: no chroot ())
 # server.chroot = "/"

 # # Change uid to  (default: do not care)
 server.username = "www-data"

 # # Change uid to  (default: do not care)
 server.groupname = "www-data"

 # # # # Compress module
 compress.cache-dir = "/ var / cache / lighttpd / compress /"
 compress.filetype = ( "text / plain", "text / html, application / x-javascript", "text / css")

 # # # # Status module
 # Status.status-url = "/ server-status"
 # Status.config-url = "/ server-config"

 # # # # Url handling modules (rewrite, redirect, access)
 # Url.rewrite = ("^/$" => "/ server-status")
 # Url.redirect = ( "^ / wishlist /(.+)" =>" http://www.123.org/ $ 1 ")

 #
 # Define a pattern for the host url finding
 #%% =>% Sign
 #% 0 => domain name + tld
 #% 1 => tld
 #% 2 => domain name without tld
 #% 3 => subdomain 1 name
 #% 4 => subdomain 2 name
 #
 # Evhost.path-pattern = "/ home / storage / dev / www /% 3/htdocs /"

 # # # # Expire module
 # Expire.url = ( "/ buggy /" => "access 2 hours", "/ asdhas /" => "access plus 1 seconds 2 minutes")

 # # # # Rrdtool
 # Rrdtool.binary = "/ usr / bin / rrdtool"
 # Rrdtool.db-name = "/ var / www / lighttpd.rrd"

 # # # # Handle Debian Policy Manual, Section 11.5.  urls
 # # # # And by default allow them only from localhost

 $ HTTP [ "remoteip"] == "127.0.0.1" (
         alias.url + = (
                 "/ doc /" => "/ usr / share / doc /",
                 "/ images /" => "/ usr / share / images /"
         )
         $ HTTP [ "url"] = ~ "^ / doc / | ^ / images /" (
                 dir-listing.activate = "enable"
         )
 )

 # # # # Variable usage:
 # # Variable name without "."  is auto prefixed by "var."  and becomes "var.bar"
 # bar = 1
 # var.mystring = "foo"

 # # Integer add
 # bar + = 1
 # # String concat, with integer cast as string, result: "www.foo1.com"
 # server.name = "www."  + Mystring + + var.bar. "Com"
 # # Array merge
 # index-File.Name = (foo + ". php") + index-File.Name
 # index-File.Name + = (foo + ". php")

 # # # # External configuration files
 # # Mimetype mapping
 include_shell "/ usr / share / lighttpd / create-mime.assign.pl"

 # # Load enabled configuration files,
 # # Read / etc / lighttpd / conf-available / README first
 include_shell "/ usr / share / lighttpd / include-conf-enabled.pl"

 $ SERVER [ "socket"] == "443" (
   ssl.engine = "enable"
   ssl.pemfile = "/ etc / ssl / certs / lighttpd.pem"
 )

With lighty installed and working correctly and not going to use Apache 1.3/2.x, so we remove the system better (Remember to take backup of data and apache configuration files), typing:

  deathbian: ~ # aptitude remove apache2 

3.1 .- Setting the basic directives for lighttpd

• server.document-root = ï ¿½ / var / www / HTMLi ¿½ Specifies the default directory for the sites.
• server.port = 80 Specifies the default server port.
• server.username = www ¿½ ï ¿½ User-Datai in which runs Debian on lighty.
• server.groupname = ï ¿½ ¿½ Datai www-Specifies the user name and group with which start / stop the server daemon lighttpd. This is a characterization ¿½ stica security, so in this way does not run with root privileges.
• ï ¿½ server.bind = server-ip-addressï ¿½ specifies the IP address of the server. Likewise it is also possible to enter a hostname or localhost.
• server.tag = lighttpdï ¿½ ï ¿½ It is used to assign the name and version number of lighttpd (default). This is a safety feature. You can configure this way:

    server.tag = "My Web Server v1.0" 

  Note: This is the name on your server reports the response header. You can check using Netcraft.

• server.errorlog = ï ¿½ / var / log / lighttpd / error.logï ¿½ Specifies the error log file.
• accesslog.filename = ï ¿½ / var / log / lighttpdï ¿½
• Specifies the access log file, which can be used by an application of statistics of visitors as webalizer.
• index-File.Name = (index.phpï ¿½ ï ¿½ ï ¿½ ¿½ index.htmlï) A listing of files in each directory by default.
• server.modules = (
  mod_accessï ¿½ ï ¿½,
  mod_accesslogï ¿½ ï ¿½,
  mod_fastcgiï ¿½ ï ¿½,
  mod_rewriteï ¿½ ï ¿½,
  mod_authï ¿½ ï ¿½
  ): The modules described above will be the only debited lighty. Of course you can add more. Hence the secret of the rapidity and low consumption of server memory, see a more detailed description:
  • mod_access: The access module is used to deny access to certain files.
  • mod_accesslog: Used to write the log CLF, flexible as Apache.
  • mod_fastcgi: FastCGI Support for perl / PHP etc.
  • mod_rewrite: Necessary to rewrite Url's SEO compatible.
  • mod_auth: authentication, usually for protected directories contraseï ¿½ a.

mimetype.assign = (
ï ¿½. pdfï ¿½ => ï ¿½ application / pdfï ¿½,
ï ¿½. sigi ¿½ => ï ¿½ application / pgp-signatureï ¿½
): Used to assign the mapping of the mimetype.

Edit the file / etc / lighttpd / lighttpd.conf and set all the policies described above.

  deathbian: ~ # vim / etc / lighttpd / lighttpd.conf 

4 .- The certificate of the web service

Since everything is configured to our needs, we record the file and start the lighttpd daemon:

  deathbian: ~ # / etc / init.d / lighttpd start 

If we want to verify which services are running and which port to check the success of our installation of lighttpd, type:

  deathbian: ~ # netstat-ntulp
 Active Internet connections (only servers)
 Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID / Program name
 tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:3306 0.0.0.0: * LISTEN 2522/mysqld
 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0: * LISTEN 2151/portmap
 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0: * LISTEN 2720/lighttpd
 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:113 0.0.0.0: * LISTEN 2742/inetd
 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:21 0.0.0.0: * LISTEN 2927/tcpsvd
 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:443 0.0.0.0: * LISTEN 2720/lighttpd
 tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:831 0.0.0.0: * LISTEN 2775/famd
 tcp6 0 0::: 22::: * LISTEN 2444/sshd
 udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:32768 0.0.0.0: * 2432/lwresd
 udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:32770 0.0.0.0: * 2793/avahi-daemon:
 udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:517 0.0.0.0: * 2742/inetd
 udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:518 0.0.0.0: * 2742/inetd
 udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:921 0.0.0.0: * 2432/lwresd
 udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5353 0.0.0.0: * 2793/avahi-daemon:
 udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0: * 2151/portmap
 udp6 0 0::: 32769::: * 2432/lwresd 

Now let the browser, either Firefox or Internet Explorer and verify that our new website is accessible via web, you type in the address bar of your browser
http://localhost/ or http://127.0.0.1/

5. Final Words

From personal experience, I can assure you that the performance of Apache is much lower compared to lighttp.

Lighty can be very young (in comparison to other systems, Web servers), development seeks to address the reality of our days on which the higher performance required for web2.0 sites with thousands of visitors daily.

In the coming days we will post such topics as;

Optimizing lighttpd web server

• Setting up PHP FastCGI on lighttpd
• Configuration of virtual hosts on lighttpd
• Compile and optimize php scripts on lighttpd with php eAccelerator
• Solving Problems with eAccelerator cache

Strengthening security Lighttpd

• Extreme Web Server Security: Configure Lighttpd, php, perl, MySQL with support for an environment of virtual filesystem (chroot jail)
• SSL Settings
• Create and use our own SSL certificate on lighttpd
• Protect with password, directories

Miscellaneous Lighttpd Configuration

• Install and configure Webalizer statistics for lighttpd
• Compatible SEO URLs with lighttpd for wordpress
• Deny direct links or stolen pictures (leeching) with lighttpd

Monitoring Lighttpd server

• Monitor and restart the service when it crashes lighttpd.

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